![]() ![]() Numerical results are presented for diffusion of common species into air and water. The important parameters of the problem include Prandtl and Schmidt numbers, thermal and concentration Grashof numbers, the relative buoyancy force effect between species and thermal diffusion, and the angle of inclination from the vertical. The surfaces are either maintained at a uniform temperature/concentration or subjected to a uniform heat/mass flux. In the analysis, the diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects are neglected, as are the interfacial velocities resulting from mass diffusion. The buoyancy forces arise from both temperature and concentration variations in the fluid. The combined heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection flow along inclined surfaces are studied analytically. This study highlights the increased recognition of rural households’ role in contributing farming initiatives to the reframing process of local adaptation policies. Household groups have devised and adopted a variety of livelihood strategies, which consequently gave rise to polarity among household groups. The analysis suggests that the rural communities have witnessed the dramatic transformation of livelihood practices to adapt to emerging social and environmental conditions. It employs the mixed methods approach that guides data collection using focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants and household surveys. This paper aims to investigate these household-led practices that have occurred in the wake of the scheme operation across three flood-prone areas in the delta. However, little has been known about how these development processes shape the social and physical landscapes of the delta, and how rural households have transformed their traditional livelihoods to adapt to change. Arising out of these mandatory policies have exhibited complicated realities surrounding the linkages between flood control schemes (dykes) and rural livelihoods. The use of both at once generates more air bubbles in the MNFC suspensions.įlood control and irrigation play a significant role in supporting rice intensification and agricultural diversification in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. In addition, we have observed that the use of CMC increases air content, but surfactant was more effective. Furthermore, surfactant didn't have effect on viscoelasticity of MNFC suspensions but decreases significantly dynamic surface tension. Conversely, viscoelasticity decreases with increasing the amount of CMC in the MNFC suspensions. Our study showed that CMC didn't influence the dynamic surface tension of MNFC suspensions. The change of air bubble content brought was also investigated. Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and anionic surfactant (Niaproof4) on viscoelasticity and dynamic surface tension was examined and compared. Use of surfactant has been recognized as useful approach to increase the curtain stability because low dynamic surface tension is desirable to get a stable liquid flow. ![]() Thickeners are used to control the viscoelasticity of the MNFC suspensions. The curtain stability is associated with rheological characteristics and physical properties of the micro nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) suspensions such as the viscosity and dynamic surface tension. In curtain coating layer, curtain stability remains an issue to control the coating operation. Rheological characteristics and physical properties of the micro nano fibrillated cellulose suspensions play an important role in curtain coating of paper. ![]()
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